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9.21 模型生成数据库

开始之前

Fur.Web.Entry 层需要安装 Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools 包。

9.21.1 数据库开发方式​

Furion 提供两种主要方法来 保持实体模型和数据库架构同步。

至于我们应该选用哪个方法，请确定你是希望以实体模型为准还是以数据库为准：

  • 如果希望 以实体模型为准，请使用正向工程（Code First）。 对实体模型进行更改时，此方法会以增量方式将相应架构更改应用到数据库，以使数据库保持与实体模型兼容。

  • 如果希望 以数据库架构为准，请使用反向工程（Database First）。 使用此方法，可通过将数据库架构反向工程到实体模型来生成相应的实体类型。

本章节是 正向工程（Code First） 的相关内容。

9.21.2 操作指南​

特别注意

Furion 框架默认数据迁移的程序集为：Furion.Database.Migrations，所以如果您改了程序集名称或通过 NuGet 方式安装的 Furion 包，则需要配置迁移程序集名称：

services.AddDatabaseAccessor(options =>
{
    options.AddDbPool<FurionDbContext>(DbProvider.Sqlite);
}, "存放迁移文件的项目名称");

另外，如果应用中配置了多个数据库上下文，那么所有的 迁移命令 都需要指定 -Context 数据库上下文名称 参数。如：

Add-Migration v1.0.0 -Context FurionDbContext

9.21.2.1 创建实体模型 Person​

using Furion.DatabaseAccessor;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;

namespace Furion.Core
{
    public class Person : Entity
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 构造函数
        /// </summary>
        public Person()
        {
            CreatedTime = DateTime.Now;
            IsDeleted = false;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 姓名
        /// </summary>
        [MaxLength(32)]
        public string Name { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 年龄
        /// </summary>
        public int Age { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 住址
        /// </summary>
        public string Address { get; set; }
    }
}
实体约定

所有数据库实体必须直接或间接继承 IEntity 接口。

9.21.2.2 打开 程序包管理控制台​

9.21.2.3 切换默认项目​

将 程序包管理控制台 默认项目设置为 Furion.Database.Migrations

9.21.2.4 创建模型版本​

Add-Migration v1.0.0
特别说明

v1.0.0 是此处数据库更改的版本号，可以写任何字符串，但推荐写版本号，每次 +1。

最终命令如下：

PM> Add-Migration v1.0.0
Build started...
Build succeeded.
Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Model.Validation[10400]
      Sensitive data logging is enabled. Log entries and exception messages may include sensitive application data, this mode should only be enabled during development.
Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Infrastructure[10403]
      Entity Framework Core 5.0.0-rc.1.20451.13 initialized 'FurionDbContext' using provider 'Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Sqlite' with options: SensitiveDataLoggingEnabled DetailedErrorsEnabled MaxPoolSize=100 MigrationsAssembly=Furion.Database.Migrations
To undo this action, use Remove-Migration.
PM>

生成成功后，Furion.Database.Migrations 项目下会新增 Migrations 文件夹（如果没有），同时本次的架构生成文件，如：

9.21.2.5 更新到数据库​

Update-Database

执行该命令后，数据库就会自动根据模型生成对应的表。

小知识

如果 Update-Database 后面带字符串参数，则会自动还原数据库到指定版本，如：

Update-Database v0.0.3

将数据库还原到 v0.0.3 版本

9.21.3 更新模型​

如果模型改变了，重复上面操作即可，如：

Add-Migration v1.0.1
Update-Database

9.21.4 导出 Sql​

有些时候，我们没有直接更新数据库的权限，或者怕出问题，我们都会先生成 Sql 看看，这时候只需要通过 Script-Migration 导出即可，如：

Script-Migration

9.21.5 VS Code/Rider/任何IDE/操作系统 方式​

9.21.5.1 安装 dotnet ef​

dotnet tool install --global dotnet-ef --version 5.0.0-rc.2.20475.6

9.21.5.2 cd 目录​

通过 VS Code 打开 .sln 所在的目录，如：framework。

之后进入 Furion.Database.Migrations 目录

cd Furion.Database.Migrations

9.21.5.3 执行命令​

dotnet ef migrations add v1.0.0 -s "../Furion.Web.Entry"
dotnet ef database update -s "../Furion.Web.Entry"

9.21.6 应用启动时自动生成数据库​

Furion 框架建议大家使用命令方式操作数据库，完全不推荐自动化生成数据库，但是有些特殊情况下，有这个必要，故将此功能写出：

9.21.6.1 对已经生成 Migrations 文件情况​

如果已经生成 Migrations 文件，那么可以直接在 Startup.cs 代码中实现程序启动时自动执行 update-database 命令，如：

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
{
    // 判断开发环境！！！必须！！！！
    if (env.IsDevelopment())
    {
        Scoped.Create((_, scope) =>
        {
            var context = scope.ServiceProvider.GetRequiredService<FurionDbContext>();
            context.Database.Migrate();
        });
    }

    // 其他代码
}

9.21.6.2 如果没有生成过 Migrations 文件情况​

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
{
    // 判断开发环境！！！必须！！！！
    if (env.IsDevelopment())
    {
        Scoped.Create((_, scope) =>
        {
            var context = scope.ServiceProvider.GetRequiredService<FurionDbContext>();
            context.Database.EnsureCreated();
        });
    }

    // 其他代码
}

如果需要在创建数据库之前先删除旧的，可先调用 context.Database.EnsureDeleted(); 代码。慎重！！！！！！！！！！！！

9.21.7 MySql.EntityFrameworkCore 在 .NET 6.0.8+ 问题​

在 .NET 6.0.8+ 版本，微软底层修改了 IDesignTimeServices 逻辑导致 MySql.EntityFrameworkCore 版本没有及时更新导致一下错误：

PM> Add-Migration v0.0.1
Build started...
Build succeeded.
Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Model.Validation[10400]
      Sensitive data logging is enabled. Log entries and exception messages may include sensitive application data; this mode should only be enabled during development.
Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Infrastructure[10403]
      Entity Framework Core 6.0.8 initialized 'DefaultDbContext' using provider 'MySql.EntityFrameworkCore:6.0.4+MySQL8.0.30' with options: SensitiveDataLoggingEnabled DetailedErrorsEnabled MaxPoolSize=100 MigrationsAssembly=Furion.TestMS.Database.Migrations
System.InvalidOperationException: Unable to resolve service for type 'Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Storage.TypeMappingSourceDependencies' while attempting to activate 'MySql.EntityFrameworkCore.Storage.Internal.MySQLTypeMappingSource'.
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteFactory.CreateArgumentCallSites(Type implementationType, CallSiteChain callSiteChain, ParameterInfo[] parameters, Boolean throwIfCallSiteNotFound)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteFactory.CreateConstructorCallSite(ResultCache lifetime, Type serviceType, Type implementationType, CallSiteChain callSiteChain)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteFactory.TryCreateExact(ServiceDescriptor descriptor, Type serviceType, CallSiteChain callSiteChain, Int32 slot)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteFactory.CreateCallSite(Type serviceType, CallSiteChain callSiteChain)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteFactory.GetCallSite(Type serviceType, CallSiteChain callSiteChain)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteFactory.CreateArgumentCallSites(Type implementationType, CallSiteChain callSiteChain, ParameterInfo[] parameters, Boolean throwIfCallSiteNotFound)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteFactory.CreateConstructorCallSite(ResultCache lifetime, Type serviceType, Type implementationType, CallSiteChain callSiteChain)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteFactory.TryCreateExact(ServiceDescriptor descriptor, Type serviceType, CallSiteChain callSiteChain, Int32 slot)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteFactory.CreateCallSite(Type serviceType, CallSiteChain callSiteChain)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteFactory.GetCallSite(Type serviceType, CallSiteChain callSiteChain)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteFactory.CreateArgumentCallSites(Type implementationType, CallSiteChain callSiteChain, ParameterInfo[] parameters, Boolean throwIfCallSiteNotFound)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteFactory.CreateConstructorCallSite(ResultCache lifetime, Type serviceType, Type implementationType, CallSiteChain callSiteChain)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteFactory.TryCreateExact(ServiceDescriptor descriptor, Type serviceType, CallSiteChain callSiteChain, Int32 slot)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteFactory.TryCreateEnumerable(Type serviceType, CallSiteChain callSiteChain)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteFactory.CreateCallSite(Type serviceType, CallSiteChain callSiteChain)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteFactory.GetCallSite(Type serviceType, CallSiteChain callSiteChain)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteFactory.CreateArgumentCallSites(Type implementationType, CallSiteChain callSiteChain, ParameterInfo[] parameters, Boolean throwIfCallSiteNotFound)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteFactory.CreateConstructorCallSite(ResultCache lifetime, Type serviceType, Type implementationType, CallSiteChain callSiteChain)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteFactory.TryCreateExact(ServiceDescriptor descriptor, Type serviceType, CallSiteChain callSiteChain, Int32 slot)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteFactory.CreateCallSite(Type serviceType, CallSiteChain callSiteChain)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteFactory.GetCallSite(Type serviceType, CallSiteChain callSiteChain)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteFactory.CreateArgumentCallSites(Type implementationType, CallSiteChain callSiteChain, ParameterInfo[] parameters, Boolean throwIfCallSiteNotFound)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteFactory.CreateConstructorCallSite(ResultCache lifetime, Type serviceType, Type implementationType, CallSiteChain callSiteChain)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteFactory.TryCreateExact(ServiceDescriptor descriptor, Type serviceType, CallSiteChain callSiteChain, Int32 slot)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteFactory.CreateCallSite(Type serviceType, CallSiteChain callSiteChain)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteFactory.GetCallSite(Type serviceType, CallSiteChain callSiteChain)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteFactory.CreateArgumentCallSites(Type implementationType, CallSiteChain callSiteChain, ParameterInfo[] parameters, Boolean throwIfCallSiteNotFound)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteFactory.CreateConstructorCallSite(ResultCache lifetime, Type serviceType, Type implementationType, CallSiteChain callSiteChain)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteFactory.TryCreateExact(ServiceDescriptor descriptor, Type serviceType, CallSiteChain callSiteChain, Int32 slot)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteFactory.CreateCallSite(Type serviceType, CallSiteChain callSiteChain)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteFactory.GetCallSite(Type serviceType, CallSiteChain callSiteChain)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProvider.CreateServiceAccessor(Type serviceType)
   at System.Collections.Concurrent.ConcurrentDictionary`2.GetOrAdd(TKey key, Func`2 valueFactory)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProvider.GetService(Type serviceType, ServiceProviderEngineScope serviceProviderEngineScope)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.ServiceProviderEngineScope.GetService(Type serviceType)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProviderServiceExtensions.GetRequiredService(IServiceProvider provider, Type serviceType)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProviderServiceExtensions.GetRequiredService[T](IServiceProvider provider)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Design.Internal.MigrationsOperations.AddMigration(String name, String outputDir, String contextType, String namespace)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Design.OperationExecutor.AddMigrationImpl(String name, String outputDir, String contextType, String namespace)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Design.OperationExecutor.AddMigration.<>c__DisplayClass0_0.<.ctor>b__0()
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Design.OperationExecutor.OperationBase.<>c__DisplayClass3_0`1.<Execute>b__0()
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Design.OperationExecutor.OperationBase.Execute(Action action)
Unable to resolve service for type 'Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Storage.TypeMappingSourceDependencies' while attempting to activate 'MySql.EntityFrameworkCore.Storage.Internal.MySQLTypeMappingSource'.
PM>

解决办法也很简单，只需要在启动层添加 MysqlEntityFrameworkDesignTimeServices.cs 并写入以下内容即可：

using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Design;
using MySql.EntityFrameworkCore.Extensions;

namespace YourProject.Web.Entry;

public class MysqlEntityFrameworkDesignTimeServices : IDesignTimeServices
{
    public void ConfigureDesignTimeServices(IServiceCollection serviceCollection)
    {
        serviceCollection.AddEntityFrameworkMySQL();
        new EntityFrameworkRelationalDesignServicesBuilder(serviceCollection)
            .TryAddCoreServices();
    }
}

相关 Issue 讨论：https://gitee.com/dotnetchina/Furion/issues/I5O5ER

9.21.8 反馈与建议​

与我们交流

给 Furion 提 Issue。

了解更多

想了解更多 正向工厂 知识可查阅 EF Core - 管理数据库架构 章节。